HDPE
Ny polyethylene avo indrindra (HDPE) na polyethylene avo-fanoherana (HDPE) dia a polyethylene thermoplastique made from petroleum. It is sometimes called “alkathene” or “polythene” when used for pipes. With a high strength-to-density ratio, HDPE is used in the production of tavoahangy plastika, corrosion-resistant piping, geomembranes, and hazo vita amin'ny plastika. HDPE is commonly recycled, and has the number “2” as its resin identification code (formerly known as recycling symbol).
In 2007, the global HDPE market reached a volume of more than 30 million tons.
Properties
HDPE is known for its large strength-to-density ratio. The density of HDPE can range from 0.93 to 0.97 g/cm3 na 970 kg / m3. Although the density of HDPE is only marginally higher than that of low-density polyethylene, HDPE has little branching, giving it stronger intermolecular forces and tensile strength than LDPE. The difference in strength exceeds the difference in density, giving HDPE a higher specific strength. It is also harder and more opaque and can withstand somewhat higher temperatures (120 °C/ 248 °F for short periods, 110 °C /230 °F continuously). High-density polyethylene, unlike polypropylene, cannot withstand normally required autoclaving conditions. The lack of branching is ensured by an appropriate choice of catalyst (ohatra, Ziegler-Natta catalysts) and reaction conditions.
Applications
HDPE is resistant to many different solvents and has a wide variety of applications:
- Swimming pool installation
- 3-D mpanonta fanontana
- Board Board (board puck)
- Backpacking frame
- Takelaka Ballistic
- Banners
- Tavoahangy tavoahangy
- Ny fantsakan-tanana simika
- Coax tariby anatiny insulator
- Tavy fitahirizana sakafo
- Tanky solika ho an'ny fiara
- harafesiny fiarovana ho an'ny fantsona vy
- Personal Hovercraft; albeit too heavy for good performance
- Boaty elektrika sy plumbing
- Lava lavitra-IR
- Seza seza sy latabatra
- Geomembrane for hydraulic applications (such as canals and bank reinforcements) and chemical containment
- Geothermal heat transfer piping systems
- Famonoana afo vita amin'ny hafanana
- * Farany ho an'ny kiraro
- Natural gas distribution pipe systems
- afomanga
- Kitapo plastika
- Tavoahangy plastika suitable both for recycling (such as milk jugs) or re-use
- Lamba plastika
- Plastic surgery (skeletal and facial reconstruction)
- Fakana sakana
- Fiaran-tsàka ary boaty
- Vato fotsy
- Solitany fitahirizana
- Dikajika Telecom
- Tyvek
- Water pipes for domestic water supply and agricultural processes
- Wood plastic composites (utilizing recycled polymers)
HDPE is also used for cell liners in subtitle D sanitary landfills, wherein large sheets of HDPE are either extrusion or wedge welded to form a homogeneous chemical-resistant barrier, with the intention of preventing the pollution of soil and groundwater by the liquid constituents of solid waste.
HDPE is preferred by the pyrotechnics trade for mortars over steel or PVC tubes, being more durable and safer. HDPE tends to rip or tear in a malfunction instead of shattering and becoming shrapnel like the other materials.
Milk jugs and other hollow goods manufactured through mitsoka moka no faritra fampiharana ilaina indrindra amin'ny HDPE, mitaky ny ampahatelon'ny famokarana manerantany, na mihoatra ny 8 tapitrisa taonina. Ankoatry ny fanodinana azy amin'ny alàlan'ny fizotran'ny mahazatra, HDPE dia azo zahana ihany koa amin'ny alàlan'ny recyclebots ho filamenta ho an'ny mpanonta 3-D amin'ny alàlan'ny fanodinana voaverina. Misy porofo manamarina fa ity endrika fanodinana ity dia kely hery noho ny fanodinana mahazatra, izay mety misy angovo maodely lehibe amin'ny fitaterana.
Ambonin'ny zava-drehetra, Sina, izay nahitana tavoahangy zava-pisotro vita tamin'ny HDPE tamin'ny 2005, dia tsena mitombo ho an'ny fonosana HDPE henjana, vokatry ny fihatsaran'ny fari-piainany. Any India sy firenena hafa, mponina vao misondrotra be mponina, ny fanitarana fotodrafitrasa dia misy ny fametrahana fantsona sy fantsona tariby vita amin'ny HDPE. Ny fitaovana dia nandray soa tamin'ny fifanakalozan-kevitra momba ny olana ara-pahasalamana sy tontolo iainana mety ateraky ny PVC sy Polycarbonate mifandray Bisphenol A, ary koa ny tombony azo noho ny vera, vy ary baoritra.